The Principles of Scientific Thinking Essay - 602 Words

In psychology, the six principles of scientific thinking are extraordinary claim, falsifiability, Occam razor, replicability, ruling hypotheses of rival, and correlation vs. causation. We know that gaining new knowledge always help the growth of our mind, but sometimes a claim may contradict what we have already known, then we need more persuasive evidences to prove this claim before we accept it. It is natural that people doubt something extraordinary and a very basic thinking skill that is known as extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. Specifically, it can be presented as I did not come to class today and I tell my instructor that I ate bad seafood last night and had diarrhea, then she might believe me. If I tell†¦show more content†¦Moreover, the studies should be replicability, it means that repeating the results in other studies ought to be the exact same, which makes it easier to discover errors and ensure that the result is reliable. For example, Medica l News Today reported that â€Å"a patient who also has acute myeloid leukemia has been cured of HIV infection after a stem-cell transplant combined with high-dose chemotherapy and radiation therapy†, German scientists put forward some people carry a mutant gene seems to allow them to have the innate ability to resist HIV, the genes inherited from the parents called â€Å"Delta 32†. Although there have been rare cured HIV cases, but such experiment is highly risky and currently no effective vaccine to prevent and completely cure AIDS and HIV. (â€Å"Evidence†) Thus here the cured patient’s case is not possibly being redo, which is not replicability. By ruling hypotheses of rival, it means when we are evaluating a claim, we need to make sure that whether other plausible explanations have been excluded. Examples for ruling out rival hypotheses could be that if black people have better performance in athletics, there should be more research to make sure the results are not due to better diet and training or other possible factors. And also, raceShow MoreRelatedSix Principles of Scientific Thinking805 Words   |  3 Pages1. Six principles of scientific thinking Six scientific thinking principles refers to psychology basics which are utilized throughout all branches and levels to think scientifically concerning multiple tests, problems, solutions among others. These scientific thinking principles include; i) Correlation vs. causation: This refers to the error which emanates from having the assumption that since one thing is related with another, it must lead to the other. ii) Replicability : This principle depictsRead MoreA Scientist, By Aldous Huxley848 Words   |  4 PagesWhen thinking of a scientist, the visual that often comes to mind would be that of a curious, patient individual slaving away in a sterile environment. Scientists are often viewed by society as quite droll, but in reality, they must be incredibly creative and intuitive in order to make scientific discoveries. Children around the world often dream of making remarkable scientific discoveries, although for some, unfortunate circumstances prevent them from working in scientific laboratories. WhetherRead More The History of Scientific Management Theories Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesIn the history of management thinking, there are many ways to manage an organization, such as scientific management and administrative management. This essay will discuss the notion that scientific management was a ‘good’ idea in the history of management thinking, by looking at the histori cal backgrounds and political beliefs of economist, also how the develop management theory by conducting experiments, and how their theories made it into the managing business does and how do they work. First ofRead More Kant Essay1709 Words   |  7 Pagesworld existed in space and time and even without the presence of physical bodies there still would be space and time. He stated there â€Å"are positions in space and time which are independent of the material entities† that existed in them and that the principles of empty space and time are possible. In the Prolegomena, Immanuel Kant seems to have agreed in part with Newton’s views of space and time and attempted to support Newton by presenting two forms of judgment that would maintain Newton’s thesis, theseRead MoreMass Production and the Beginnings of Scientific Management957 Words   |  4 PagesHow do Taylor and Scientific Management fit into the American business system of 100 years ago? American business environment of 100 years ago represents a period of transition in the organization of production pushed by increased competition, new technology, and growing consciousness of the potential of the factory. This situation was the inspiration of many people to find ways to improve organization and management to improve productivity. Those years were characterized by inefficient RuleRead MoreScientific Management1358 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Critically discuss the notion that Scientific Management was a ‘good’ idea in the history of management thinking. Since the thousands of years, people use the management in the great projects such as the Egyptian pyramids and the Great Wall of China. According to Robbins, et al. (2006), Henri Fayol said that all managers perform five functions: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling in the early part of the twentieth century. Robbins stated that, in the mid-1950s, managementRead MoreThe Importance of Religion for Two Paradigms: Science and Natural Philosophy700 Words   |  3 Pagesof Religion for Two Paradigms: Science and Natural Philosophy Since the beginning of the intellectual development of mankind, the question of whether there is god or not has been a question that still remains. However, its effects on our way of thinking has been shaped by a number of people, thinkers, priests, scientists so on and so forth. If we were to divide that continuum into two parts, they would be before the enlightenment and after the enlightenment. Namely the times of natural philosophyRead MoreThe Theory Of Scientific Management Essay1375 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Miller (2010) Scientific management (Taylorism) was devised by Frederick Taylor to improve economic efficiency especially labor productivity by analyzing and establishing workflows. It was one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the engineering of processes and to management. Taylor’s scientific management was based on four principles. The first is replacing the â€Å"rule of thumb† work methods with methods based on a scientific study. The s econd is selecting, training and developingRead MoreHenri Saint- Simons Lettres dun Habitant de Geneve a ses Contemporains1255 Words   |  5 Pagestimes will not regain its unity to function (Saint-Simon, 1803). Saint Simon established the purpose in â€Å"Lettres d’un habitant de Genà ¨ve à   ses Contemporains† as to being that to regain the social unity for the Post-Revolutionary society, a new scientific elite must replace the spiritual authority of the Church (Zeitlin, 2001: 68). Also, Henri Saint Simon through his works emphasized the importance of the science would replace religion and that the scientists and industrialist would replace the priestsRead MoreManagement Theories of Mcdonalds Essay1212 Words   |  5 PagesManagement Theories Implemented by McDonald’s McDonald’s demonstrates many different aspects of classical management, including aspects of Frederick Taylor’s scientific management and Henri Fayol’s management principles. McDonald’s also displays how their management styles compares to their competition and how it has led to an effective organization. Taylor’s management style is evident through McDonald’s training, specific systems, and education; while Fayol’s management style manifests through

2016 Primary Election And Presidential Election Essay

The 2016 primary election has been the most intriguing in modern history, mainly due to one candidate; Donald J. Trump. Before he won the general election, President-elect Donald J. Trump won the Republican primary. Since the day he announced his candidacy by riding down an escalator in Trump Tower, pundits and politicians didn’t seriously believe he had a chance. As the debates were held and the primaries went on, it became apparent that he had an actual chance of winning the nomination. The Republican primary showed that there was an anger toward traditional politicians, an anger which Donald Trump tapped into. The rise of Trump also showed that the old rules of what was acceptable to say do not apply any more. These and other factors lead me to the conclusion that the Republican party lost control of the 2016 primary election and failed to choose its eventual nominee. To understand how the GOP failed to select its candidate, we should first understand the circumstances lead ing up to the 2016 primary. In the 1990’s the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and other free trade deals dealt a blow to US manufacturing. People that worked in manufacturing lost their jobs, in addition to those in the steel and coal industries . These factors affected the area known as the Rust Belt especially hard. In politics, for decades, politicians learned that to get votes, they must act very polished and speak like a politician. Both Democrats and Republicans were generallyShow MoreRelatedPresidential Election Of 2016, The United States Will Be Holding The Primary Presidential Elections892 Words   |  4 PagesAt the end of 2016, the United States will be holding the primary presidential elections. There are six main democrats and fifteen main republicans who are running in the presidential election of 2016. Among the great old party ¬ (GOP) presidential applicant Jeb Bush, son of former president George H. W. Bush and brother of former President Geo rge W. Bush, should not have deemed administrating for office on the note of his promises to this country. Other than his famous last name, Jeb Bush’s yearnRead MoreCase Study The Voter Turnout For The Election705 Words   |  3 PagesAs citizens, we are all called out to make political choices during elections thus vote when required. But not all citizens vote during elections. In this assignment, we will study the voter turnout for the march 2016 primary elections for the republican and democratic parties based on the Harris country reports for the county itself has a whole and more specifically other voter precinct that are concerned by certain voters for this assignment. After my researches, I found on the voting precinctRead MoreReforming The United States Presidential Electoral Process1233 Words   |  5 Pages Mira Costa High School Reforming the United States Presidential Electoral Process Lauren Koch Mr. Glenn Marx AP Government 7 January 2016 Lauren Koch Mr. Glenn Marx AP Government 7 January 2016 Reforming the United States Presidential Electoral Process The framers of the constitution designed the United States electoral process to give a voice to the voiceless. They sought to ensure that the American people would play a direct role in the selection of their leaders rather than beingRead MorePresidential Elections And Election Elections1509 Words   |  7 PagesPolitical elections, especially presidential elections have many variables that influence the voters when they go to the polls. Many researchers use various methods to figure out all the possible outcomes of the election and what the voters are looking for in a particular year. This year has been unique because of the different personalities that the candidates own. This new diversity has caused researchers to revise their tactics from earlier years. Also, negative political ads for this election yearRead MorePresidential Election : Obama And Mitt Romney995 Words   |  4 Pagesthe history of the United States, the 2016 election cycle is the 57th presidential election, ye t it could be the strangest of them all. In contrast, the 2012 election between Barack Obama and Mitt Romney was a relatively tame and mundane election. It was decided by two elements, just as the 2016 election will be decided by. Choice, both by the media and the candidates is one ingredient to determine the outcome of elections. Chance similarly affects election outcomes, though chance deals with environmentalRead MoreThe United States Election Process Essay1121 Words   |  5 Pages The United States Election Process With the 2016 presidential election on its way, with two of the most polarizing candidates ever. And one who shared that if he loses then the â€Å"System is rigged†. With Congressional approval rating at 17%, politics in the U.S appears rotten. Which is what the freackanomics episode I listened to, â€Å"10 ways to make politics less rotten† was about. But how may know how the U.S election cycle actually works? 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Do you know anything about the people who were running? One of the main reasons why so many Americans don’t vote is because they think that their vote doesn’t matter or won’t make that much of a difference. The reality is this is not true, the lack of understanding also plays a role is why some people just don’t vote. After all, the next president doesn’t just get picked overnight. The process is very long and complicated, it includes three major issues which are

An Ocean Of Modesty And Lessons From My Mother - 1324 Words

A dash of grammar, an ocean of modesty and lessons from my mother One of the greatest philosophers that contributed to the Latin literature, Seneca, once said: â€Å"Non quia difficilia sunt non audemus, sed quia non audemus, difficilia sunt†, meaning: â€Å"It is not because things are difficult that we do not dare, it is because we do not dare that things are difficult†. (Seneca) Somewhere on a bookshelf, in an apartment, in a building, in a small town, in a not so well-known country, a first memory comes to mind: this small yellow old book which silently stood there waiting for my finger tips to discover it. â€Å"Seneca s philosophical writings† was the first philosophy book that I ever read. This book has changed my life from that first†¦show more content†¦I was raised in a Christian orthodox family, with a younger sister and an older brother. In the beginning, it was just me and my older brother, followed after a few years when we had a younger sister, that we cared for. My parents build a beautiful home for us, a home that brings into my soul only beautiful memories. I remember with great love my first few simple toys, which did have a true meaning for me. Back then, I did not know what a laptop was, or a mobile phone, or Facebook. Instead I knew what it meant to jump the rope with friends in front of the house or play hide and seek. During my childhood the choices of having a good time were quite limited. The children s programs on television were only on Saturday and Sunday, each 15 min long, and during the week we had short educational shows about 30 minutes long. Because of that and for the reason that our Mom didn’t want us to get bored, she would read us a story every night. I am so grateful for all the stories she read to us, because this made me dream and develop my thinking, since I thought that all the stories were real. The passion for studying, it all started at home, from my parents who remind me every day how important it is to learn. I remember how every Sunday night; my mother would ask me to prepare for a new week of school. She made this our ritual, as we would check together

Johannes Itten Example For Students

Johannes Itten Biography A famous painter, a school teacher, and designer was born in 1888 in Switzerland. Having taught children in primary schools for a little, Johannes Itten started attending Geneva École des Beaux-Arts for one semester. After a few years, he got acquainted with Walter Gropius, who invited Itten to be a master at the Bauhaus. He set up a preliminary course at the Bauhaus, which was his own universal design theory. His doctrine totally changed the education of art. The peculiarity of teaching was that he told students not to imitate the work of the prominent masters but to explore and develop their own feelings, techniques, and styles. The course consisted of three parts: natural forms and art of color, the analysis of canonic pieces of art and life drawing. Johannes Itten founded his school of art, where he taught holistic art. Outline1 Arts made by Johannes Itten1.1 The Encounter (1916).1.2 Tower of Fire (1920).1.3 Study of Contrasts (1920).2 Key ideas in painting Arts made by Johannes Itten Here you will find the paintings of Johannes Itten, which became the highlights of his creative work. They are popular even in modern times where tastes and styles differ a lot. The Encounter (1916). The Encounter artwork had been painted before Itten arrived to the Bauhaus and had contained the most important criteria that would later become crucial for his teaching there. Itten’s color wheel, usage of geometric figures: circles, rectangles, triangles broke the ground for his future interests. The artwork symbolizes a branch of paintings made during 1915-1916. Another meaning is a personal one that those paintings linked the tragic death of his beloved girlfriend, H. Wendland. The work represents the entwinement of spiral figures. The Encounter artwork can be viewed as the study of the art of color and its dynamics. Tower of Fire (1920). In his early years, Johannes Itten was fond of painting architectural structures, based on the arrangement of different geometric figures. Tower of fire artwork was an example of a sculpture that would never be realized. The statue is build up out of red, blue and yellow blocks. There are 12 blocks: the first four are said to be made of stone, the next four are metal ones, and the upper ones symbolize air, wind, water, and earth. In the Itten color theory, the number twelve has its own meaning, just as in the alendar. Study of Contrasts (1920). The student Moses Mirkin made the artwork during the Itten’s course. The task was to experiment and try to combine materials such as wood, iron, and glass. Students had to use their creativity and search for the ways to combine such materials. This experimentation became fundamental for the education of art. The focus on materiality was a guide for students on the Bauhaus curriculum, organized by the medium. Key ideas in painting Vorkurs or, in other words, foundation course by Johannes Itten set up techniques and styles at the Bauhaus that became crucial for teaching the art nowadays. The main thing was to encourage and develop the desire in students of not being afraid to experiment with colors and shades, materials, and styles. The course was the first and an obligatory one in Bauhaus curriculum. No student was able to move on to the next course without completing the first one. Johannes Itten inspired students to use elements of a true mysticism in their paintings. Being interested in neo-Zoroastrian religion, he taught his students how to meditate and breathe. Gymnastics was one of the elements when it comes to maximizing creative skills. At the Bauhaus, they used Itten’s teachings widely until new philosophy was introduced. .u12d1555eaded2a546c3a9c587c0e7fda , .u12d1555eaded2a546c3a9c587c0e7fda .postImageUrl , .u12d1555eaded2a546c3a9c587c0e7fda .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u12d1555eaded2a546c3a9c587c0e7fda , .u12d1555eaded2a546c3a9c587c0e7fda:hover , .u12d1555eaded2a546c3a9c587c0e7fda:visited , .u12d1555eaded2a546c3a9c587c0e7fda:active { border:0!important; } .u12d1555eaded2a546c3a9c587c0e7fda .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u12d1555eaded2a546c3a9c587c0e7fda { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u12d1555eaded2a546c3a9c587c0e7fda:active , .u12d1555eaded2a546c3a9c587c0e7fda:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u12d1555eaded2a546c3a9c587c0e7fda .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u12d1555eaded2a546c3a9c587c0e7fda .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u12d1555eaded2a546c3a9c587c0e7fda .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u12d1555eaded2a546c3a9c587c0e7fda .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u12d1555eaded2a546c3a9c587c0e7fda:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u12d1555eaded2a546c3a9c587c0e7fda .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u12d1555eaded2a546c3a9c587c0e7fda .u12d1555eaded2a546c3a9c587c0e7fda-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u12d1555eaded2a546c3a9c587c0e7fda:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Coco ChanelItten worked out a color theory, the matter of which lies in associations of types of people or seasons with colors and its shades. In his work, it is stated that there exist seven types of comparative analysis.